Phase C
Information System Architecture
1: Selecting Reference Models, Viewpoints, and Tools for Application Architecture
1: What is the first step in selecting reference models, viewpoints, and tools for Application Architecture according to TOGAF?
A) Select appropriate modeling tools B) Review and validate application principles C) Identify reference models D) Develop matrices across the architecture
Correct Answer: B) Review and validate application principles
2: Which of the following could be an example of a reference model as mentioned in TOGAF for Application Architecture?
A) Model-View-Controller (MVC) B) Layered Architecture Model C) Business Capability Map D) UML Model
Correct Answer: B) Layered Architecture Model
Reference: Enterprise architecture patterns and software architecture patterns are related but serve different purposes. Software architecture patterns focus on the design and structure of individual software systems or applications. They offer best practices and guidelines for organizing and implementing the components of a system, such as its modules, interfaces, and internal interactions.
In contrast, enterprise architecture patterns are concerned with the design and alignment of multiple systems and applications across an organization. They provide best practices for structuring the overall architecture of the enterprise, covering areas like business processes, data models, and technology infrastructure. Enterprise architecture patterns address broader concerns like system integration, interoperability, and scalability—issues that go beyond the scope of software architecture patterns. They also consider the organization's business context, ensuring that IT systems align with business goals and objectives. Examples of enterprise architecture patterns include Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), Business Process Management (BPM), and Enterprise Integration Patterns (EIP), while software architecture patterns include Model-View-Controller (MVC), Microservices, and Layered Architecture. Here's a table summarizing the information on software architecture patterns:
Software Architecture Pattern
Description
Model-View-Controller (MVC)
Separates an application into three components: Model (data), View (UI), and Controller (logic), promoting separation of concerns and manageability.
Microservices Architecture
Breaks down applications into smaller, independently deployable services, allowing separate development, deployment, and scaling.
Layered Architecture
Divides an application into logical layers (e.g., presentation, business, data) to ensure modularity and separation of concerns.
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
Uses services as fundamental building blocks for distributed systems, enabling better reusability and flexibility in integration.
Event-Driven Architecture (EDA)
Focuses on event production, detection, and reaction, allowing flexible and scalable systems to respond to changing environments.
Domain-Driven Design (DDD)
Uses a common language and model for describing a domain, improving the clarity and maintainability of the codebase.
Hexagonal Architecture
Structures an application around a central core with ports and adapters, facilitating communication with external systems.
CQRS (Command Query Responsibility Segregation)
Separates read and write operations into distinct models, improving performance and scalability.
Reactive Architecture
Emphasizes building resilient, responsive, and scalable systems that can react to environmental changes effectively.
Clean Architecture
Prioritizes separation of concerns across layers, ensuring code is easy to read, test, and maintain over time.
This table provides a concise view of each software architecture pattern, their key characteristics, and how they contribute to designing robust software systems. Here’s a comparison of Enterprise Architecture Patterns and Software Architecture Patterns* in a tabulated format, highlighting key differences and providing examples of each:
Aspect
Enterprise Architecture Patterns
Software Architecture Patterns
Scope
Focuses on the overall structure and alignment of multiple systems across the enterprise.
Focuses on the design and structure of individual software systems.
Objective
Ensures that IT systems align with business processes, goals, and strategies.
Ensures that software systems are robust, scalable, and maintainable.
Level of Detail
Operates at a higher, strategic level across an entire organization.
Operates at a lower, technical level, focused on individual applications.
Focus Area
Concerned with system integration, interoperability, scalability, and governance.
Concerned with application modularity, components, and communication.
Impact on Business
Directly influences business strategy and long-term organizational goals.
Primarily impacts technical implementation and development teams.
Examples
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA): Defines services for integration.
Model-View-Controller (MVC): Separates application logic and UI.
Enterprise Integration Patterns (EIP): Patterns for message-based integration between systems.
Microservices Architecture: Breaks down systems into small, independent services.
Business Process Management (BPM): Focuses on optimizing and automating business processes.
Layered Architecture: Divides applications into layers (e.g., UI, business logic, data).
Enterprise Service Bus (ESB): Middleware architecture for integrating and coordinating multiple services.
Event-Driven Architecture (EDA): Enables systems to react to events asynchronously.
Broader Context
Aligns IT with business needs and regulatory requirements.
Focuses on optimizing software performance, maintainability, and scalability.
Stakeholders
Involves business leaders, enterprise architects, and IT managers.
Involves software developers, technical architects, and development teams.
*Examples: Enterprise Architecture Patterns: Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), Business Process Management (BPM), Enterprise Integration Patterns (EIP) and Software Architecture Patterns: Model-View-Controller (MVC), Microservices Architecture, Layered Architecture
This table highlights how Enterprise Architecture Patterns focus on organizational strategy and system alignment, while Software Architecture Patterns focus on technical implementation and system design.
https://www.opengroup.org/soa/source-book/soa_refarch/p5.htm, https://guides.visual-paradigm.com/togaf-adm-top-10-techniques-part-3-architecture-patterns/
3: Which viewpoint is primarily concerned with the interaction of end-users with the application?
A) Functional Users B) Business Stakeholders C) Technical Users D) System Administrators
Correct Answer: A) Functional Users
Alternate 1: Question: A Viewpoint can be described using a set of related elements. What are they? A. Stakeholders, System, Model and View. B. Stakeholders, Concerns, Diagram and View. C. Stakeholders, Concerns, Model and Description. D. Stakeholders, Requirements, Modeling Technique and View. E. Stakeholders, Concerns, Model and View. Correct Answer: E. Stakeholders, Concerns, Model and View
4: Which design pattern could be an example of organizing application code in TOGAF's approach to Application Architecture?
A) Singleton B) Observer C) Microservices D) Model-View-Controller (MVC)
Correct Answer: D) Model-View-Controller (MVC)
Ref (4.1.3.2) : Although architecture patterns have not (as yet) been integrated into the TOGAF Standard, each of the first four main phases of the ADM (Phases A through D) gives an indication of the stage at which relevant re-usable architecture assets from the Enterprise Architecture Continuum should be considered for use. Architecture patterns are one such asset. An enterprise that adopts a formal approach to the use and re-use of architecture patterns will normally integrate their use into the Enterprise Architecture Continuum. MVC is an example of software architecture pattern to organize or implement application code.
https://pubs.opengroup.org/togaf-standard/adm-techniques/chap04.html, https://pubs.opengroup.org/architecture/togaf9-doc/arch/chap17.html , https://pubs.opengroup.org/architecture/togaf9-doc/arch/chap22.html#tag_22,https://guides.visual-paradigm.com/togaf-adm-top-10-techniques-part-3-architecture-patterns/, https://www.bradapp.com/docs/patterns-intro.html, https://cloudpatterns.org/
5: What type of tools does TOGAF recommend using for capturing and modeling complex application architectures?
A) Simple tools like documents and spreadsheets B) Graphical editors for code visualization C) Advanced tools like ArchiMate or Enterprise Architect D) Workflow automation tools
Correct Answer: C) Advanced tools like ArchiMate or Enterprise Architect
6: Which architecture approach allows for creating platform-independent models that separate business logic from implementation details?
A) Layered Architecture Model B) Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) C) Microservices Architecture D) OMG Model-Driven Architecture® (MDA®)
Correct Answer: D) OMG Model-Driven Architecture® (MDA®)
7: What is a key purpose of developing matrices in the Application Architecture modeling process?
A) Illustrate relationships between applications and business services B) Show the organizational structure of IT teams C) Document application code structure D) Highlight gaps in security measures
Correct Answer: A) Illustrate relationships between applications and business services
8: What should architects regularly do throughout the modeling process to ensure alignment with business needs?
A) Reorganize the development team B) Engage stakeholders to check for coverage of all concerns C) Update the technology stack D) Outsource the application architecture development
Correct Answer: B) Engage stakeholders to check for coverage of all concerns
9: Which catalog contains a comprehensive list of all applications currently in use within the organization?
A) Application Service Catalog B) Logical Application Component Catalog C) Application Portfolio Catalog D) Application Standards Catalog
Correct Answer: C) Application Portfolio Catalog
10: What is the primary purpose of the Logical Application Component Catalog?
A) List the physical deployment of applications B) Capture the logical components of applications, highlighting functions without implementation details C) Provide performance metrics for each application D) Map business capabilities to associated applications
Correct Answer: B) Capture the logical components of applications, highlighting functions without implementation details
11 : Which catalog helps identify data flows and integration points between applications?
A) Application Standards Catalog B) Physical Application Component Catalog C) Integration Component Catalog D) Application Performance and Quality Metrics Catalog
Correct Answer: C) Integration Component Catalog
12: Which matrix shows the relationships between applications and the business services they support?
A) User Community to Application Matrix B) Application Portfolio Matrix C) Application to Business Service Matrix D) Application to Data Entity Matrix
Correct Answer: C) Application to Business Service Matrix
13: Which diagram provides a high-level view of an application’s place within the enterprise architecture, including interactions with external entities?
A) Logical Application Architecture Diagram B) Application Context Diagram C) Application Component Diagram D) Use Case Diagram
Correct Answer: B) Application Context Diagram
14: The Business Capability to Application Mapping Catalog is essential for:
A) Understanding how applications support strategic business capabilities B) Capturing key performance indicators (KPIs) for applications C) Listing the physical components of applications D) Defining standards for application development and management
Correct Answer: A) Understanding how applications support strategic business capabilities
15: Which matrix identifies the user communities that interact with specific applications?
A) Application Dependency Matrix B) User Community to Application Matrix C) Business Capability to Application Matrix D) Application Portfolio Matrix
Correct Answer: B) User Community to Application Matrix
16: Which diagram depicts how application components are physically deployed across servers or devices?
A) Logical Application Architecture Diagram B) Data Flow Diagram C) Physical Application Architecture Diagram D) Deployment Diagram
Correct Answer: D) Deployment Diagram
17 : Which type of requirement specifies how an application performs its functions, focusing on quality attributes like performance and scalability?
A) Functional Requirements B) Non-Functional Requirements C) User Requirements D) Data Requirements
Correct Answer: B) Non-Functional Requirements
18: What type of requirement addresses data privacy regulations like GDPR or HIPAA in the context of an application?
A) User Requirements B) Compliance and Regulatory Requirements C) Data Requirements D) Integration Requirements
Correct Answer: B) Compliance and Regulatory Requirements
19: Which type of requirement defines how the application will exchange data with other systems or services?
A) Technology Requirements B) Functional Requirements C) Integration Requirements D) Operational Requirements
Correct Answer: C) Integration Requirements
20: Specifications for user interface design, multi-language support, and accessibility fall under which category of requirements?
A) User Requirements B) Non-Functional Requirements C) Data Requirements D) Transition Requirements
Correct Answer: A) User Requirements
21 : What type of requirement involves deployment processes, monitoring, and maintenance expectations for the application?
A) Operational Requirements B) Functional Requirements C) Technology Requirements D) Transition Requirements
Correct Answer: A) Operational Requirements
2: Developing the Baseline & Target Application Architecture Description
1: What is the purpose of the Baseline Application Architecture Description?
A) To design the Target Architecture B) To assess the future application landscape C) To provide a comprehensive view of the current application landscape D) To implement new applications in the organization
Correct Answer: C) To provide a comprehensive view of the current application landscape
2: Which of the following is not typically included when documenting existing applications in the Baseline Application Architecture?
A) Application name and business function B) Technology stack C) Stakeholder validation D) Future deployment models
Correct Answer: D) Future deployment models
3: Which catalog should be referenced to ensure completeness when compiling the list of existing applications?
A) Application Portfolio Catalog B) Technology Portfolio Catalog C) Integration Component Catalog D) Data Flow Catalog
Correct Answer: A) Application Portfolio Catalog
4: What type of diagram in the Baseline Application Architecture helps to illustrate how applications interact with each other?
A) Data Flow Diagram B) Functional View Diagram C) Use Case Diagram D) Physical Deployment Diagram
Correct Answer: B) Functional View Diagram
5: Why is it important to perform dependency analysis during the development of the Baseline Application Architecture?
A) To estimate the cost of new applications B) To understand the impact of changes during the transition C) To identify potential legal and compliance risks D) To select the best application technology stack
Correct Answer: B) To understand the impact of changes during the transition
6: What is a key step before finalizing the Baseline Application Architecture Description?
A) Developing the application’s technology stack B) Conducting stakeholder review and validation C) Implementing cloud-based solutions D) Setting up middleware for integration
Correct Answer: B) Conducting stakeholder review and validation
7: What is the primary goal of the Target Application Architecture Description?
A) To maintain the current application landscape B) To define the desired future state of the application landscape C) To provide detailed cost estimates for application upgrades D) To replace all legacy systems immediately
Correct Answer: B) To define the desired future state of the application landscape
8: Which of the following is not typically considered when exploring Target Application Architecture alternatives?
A) Technical feasibility B) Cost implications C) Trade-off analysis D) Deployment of legacy applications
Correct Answer: D) Deployment of legacy applications
9: In the Target Application Architecture, what does a "layered architecture view" typically depict?
A) Data sources and their storage locations B) Separation of concerns, such as presentation, business logic, and data layers C) Network connections and IP addresses D) The physical location of servers
Correct Answer: B) Separation of concerns, such as presentation, business logic, and data layers
10: What is the final step in developing the Target Application Architecture Description?
A) Conducting a cost analysis B) Compiling documentation into the Architecture Definition Document C) Testing new applications in production D) Creating a database schema
Correct Answer: B) Compiling documentation into the Architecture Definition Document
3: Gap Analysis and Candidate Roadmap Components for Application Architecture
1: What is the primary purpose of performing a gap analysis in application architecture?
A) To assess the financial impact of the architecture B) To identify discrepancies between the Baseline and Target Application Architectures C) To finalize the technology stack for the application D) To implement new systems immediately
Correct Answer: B) To identify discrepancies between the Baseline and Target Application Architectures
2: Which of the following should be checked for internal consistency during the gap analysis?
A) Stakeholder priorities B) Architecture models and views (e.g., functional, deployment, integration) C) Implementation timelines D) Organizational budget
Correct Answer: B) Architecture models and views (e.g., functional, deployment, integration)
3: Which of the following is not a typical trade-off considered in the gap analysis process?
A) Cost implications B) Performance metrics C) Time to market D) Historical revenue data
Correct Answer: D) Historical revenue data
4: How are conflicting requirements or viewpoints in architecture typically resolved during a gap analysis?
A) By selecting a compromise solution B) By discarding one of the conflicting models C) By increasing the project budget D) By adjusting stakeholder expectations
Correct Answer: A) By selecting a compromise solution
5: What technique is used to identify functional, performance, and technological gaps between the Baseline and Target Architectures?
A) Trade-off analysis B) Gap analysis C) SWOT analysis D) Data flow analysis
Correct Answer: B) Gap analysis
6: What is the first step in defining candidate roadmap components for the application architecture?
A) Develop a timeline for activities B) Identify key initiatives C) Engage stakeholders for feedback D) Conduct a skills assessment
Correct Answer: B) Identify key initiatives
7: Which of the following criteria is commonly used for prioritizing roadmap components?
A) Complexity of implementation B) Cost vs. benefit analysis C) Stakeholder availability D) Technology preferences
Correct Answer: B) Cost vs. benefit analysis
8: What is a key activity to perform after creating the roadmap document?
A) Test all applications in production B) Present the roadmap to stakeholders for feedback and validation C) Deploy the entire roadmap without adjustments D) Hire additional staff immediately
Correct Answer: B) Present the roadmap to stakeholders for feedback and validation
4: Resolving Impacts Across the Architecture Landscape
1: What is the primary goal of resolving impacts across the architecture landscape?
A) To finalize the technology stack B) To ensure the new Application Architecture aligns with existing frameworks and initiatives C) To develop a new business model D) To implement the architecture without review
Correct Answer: B) To ensure the new Application Architecture aligns with existing frameworks and initiatives
2: What should be conducted to assess how the new Application Architecture integrates with other architectures such as Business, Data, and Technology Architectures?
A) Gap analysis B) Cross-Architecture Assessment C) Trade-off analysis D) SWOT analysis
Correct Answer: B) Cross-Architecture Assessment
3: Why is it important to track recent changes in other architectural domains when finalizing the Application Architecture?
A) To discard outdated projects B) To assess if adjustments are needed to maintain compatibility C) To finalize the budget allocation D) To identify new user interfaces
Correct Answer: B) To assess if adjustments are needed to maintain compatibility
4: What can be leveraged from the finalized Application Architecture to create efficiencies across other architectural areas or projects?
A) New user roles B) Reusable components, services, or frameworks C) External vendors D) Marketing strategies
Correct Answer: B) Reusable components, services, or frameworks
5: What step should be taken after identifying projects affected by the new Application Architecture?
A) Schedule regular architecture reviews B) Create a new set of architecture principles C) Develop a communication plan to inform project teams D) Cancel any conflicting projects
Correct Answer: C) Develop a communication plan to inform project teams
6: Why is it important to assess incoming changes from other projects after finalizing the Application Architecture?
A) To modify the architecture design without stakeholder approval B) To identify potential impacts from technology, process, or data changes C) To increase project scope and complexity D) To reduce the overall project budget
Correct Answer: B) To identify potential impacts from technology, process, or data changes
7: What should be conducted to assess how incoming changes from other projects might affect the integrity of the finalized Application Architecture?
A) Cross-Architecture Assessment B) Risk Assessment C) Reuse Opportunity Analysis D) Performance Testing
Correct Answer: B) Risk Assessment
5: Conducting a Formal Stakeholder Review & Finalize Application Architecture
1: What is the primary purpose of conducting a formal stakeholder review?
A) To develop a new business strategy B) To validate the proposed Application Architecture against the original motivations and SoAW C) To finalize the budget allocation for the project D) To implement new hardware systems
Correct Answer: B) To validate the proposed Application Architecture against the original motivations and SoAW
2: What is one of the first steps in conducting a formal stakeholder review?
A) Organizing training sessions for staff B) Gathering original motivation documents and the Statement of Architecture Work (SoAW) C) Analyzing recent software updates D) Scheduling product demos
Correct Answer: B) Gathering original motivation documents and the Statement of Architecture Work (SoAW)
3: Who should be included when identifying stakeholders for a formal review of the Application Architecture?
A) External vendors only B) Business unit leaders, IT teams, and compliance officers C) Marketing and sales teams exclusively D) Only the CEO and CFO
Correct Answer: B) Business unit leaders, IT teams, and compliance officers
4: During a formal stakeholder review, what is the primary focus when conducting an impact analysis?
A) The organization's financial reports B) Changes to Business and Data Architectures C) Customer satisfaction surveys D) New office locations
Correct Answer: B) Changes to Business and Data Architectures
Alternate:
Question: Refer to the information below:
Phase : ?
Output & Outcome : A deliverable container for the core architectural artifacts created during a project and for important related information
Input : Data principles.
Which ADM phase(s) does this describe?
Phase DPhase BPhases B, C and DCorrect answerPhase COverall explanation
Explanation: Phase C, Information System Architecture – Data Architecture, is the phase where the data principles are analyzed to build the Architecture Definition Document.
Reference: https://pubs.opengroup.org/togaf-standard/adm/chap06.html#tag_06_02
5: Which of the following would be an example of a constraint on the Technology Architecture?
A) Limited availability of stakeholder feedback B) Security and compliance issues affecting performance C) Lack of marketing strategy D) Irrelevant customer satisfaction metrics
Correct Answer: B) Security and compliance issues affecting performance
6: What should be the outcome of a stakeholder review if significant impacts on Business or Data Architectures are found?
A) A decision to scrap the architecture project B) Revisiting and updating the Business and Data Architectures to ensure alignment C) Postponing the entire architecture implementation indefinitely D) Developing new hardware infrastructure
Correct Answer: B) Revisiting and updating the Business and Data Architectures to ensure alignment
7: What key documentation should be created after completing the formal stakeholder review?
A) Sales projections for the upcoming year B) Final review document with stakeholder feedback and impact analysis findings C) Product catalogs for external stakeholders D) Employee performance reviews
Correct Answer: B) Final review document with stakeholder feedback and impact analysis findings
8: Which of the following is a key step in the finalization of a formal stakeholder review?
A) Scheduling team-building activities B) Developing a communication plan to inform stakeholders about the final architecture C) Hiring new IT staff to manage the architecture D) Launching a new marketing campaign
Correct Answer: B) Developing a communication plan to inform stakeholders about the final architecture
6: Creating and updating the Architecture Definition Document
1: What is the primary purpose of the Architecture Definition Document (ADD)?
A) To track project budgets and timelines B) To formalize the Application Architecture and align it with business goals C) To replace existing software systems D) To manage vendor relationships
Correct Answer: B) To formalize the Application Architecture and align it with business goals
2: Which section of the ADD provides a high-level view of business data entities and their relationships?
A) Data Interoperability Requirements B) Business Data Model C) Logical Data Model D) Data Entity/Business Function Matrix
Correct Answer: B) Business Data Model
3: What should be included in the "Rationale for Building Block Decisions" section of the ADD?
A) Cost estimates for each building block B) Training plans for end-users C) How the building block aligns with business goals, standards compliance, and integration considerations D) A list of all project sponsors
Correct Answer: C) How the building block aligns with business goals, standards compliance, and integration considerations
4: In which section of the ADD would you document the process of managing data within the architecture?
A) Data Management Process Model B) Architecture Vision C) Stakeholder Review Process D) Business Data Model
Correct Answer: A) Data Management Process Model
5: What is the purpose of the "Data Entity/Business Function Matrix" in the ADD?
A) To display project timelines and milestones B) To show relationships between data entities and business functions C) To provide performance metrics for system components D) To document stakeholder feedback
Correct Answer: B) To show relationships between data entities and business functions
6: What is a key focus in the "Architecture Vision" section of the ADD?
A) Mapping data flows between systems B) A statement of how the architecture links to business objectives C) A detailed cost analysis D) A list of software vendors
Correct Answer: B) A statement of how the architecture links to business objectives
7: Which of the following is essential for ensuring consistency and clarity in the ADD?
A) Using industry-specific jargon B) Keeping sections brief without using diagrams C) Using consistent formatting and clear explanations throughout all sections D) Focusing only on technical specifications
Correct Answer: C) Using consistent formatting and clear explanations throughout all sections
8: What is the purpose of the "Stakeholder Review Process" in the ADD?
A) To define how stakeholders will provide feedback and how it will be incorporated B) To allocate roles and responsibilities for team members C) To outline the budget for the architecture implementation D) To create a project marketing plan
Correct Answer: A) To define how stakeholders will provide feedback and how it will be incorporated
Question: Refer to the information below:
Phase : ?
Output & Outcome : A deliverable container for the core architectural artifacts created during a project and for important related information
Input : Data principles.
Which ADM phase(s) does this describe?
Phase DPhase BPhases B, C and DCorrect answerPhase COverall explanation
Explanation: Phase C, Information System Architecture – Data Architecture, is the phase where the data principles are analyzed to build the Architecture Definition Document.
Reference: https://pubs.opengroup.org/togaf-standard/adm/chap06.html#tag_06_02
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